Daftar Kode dan Standar Pengelasan Global

Dapatkan panduan tentang berbagai kode dan standar pengelasan seperti ASME, AWS, API, dan standar internasional lainnya yang digunakan secara luas.

Kode dan standar pengelasan adalah pedoman teknis yang ditetapkan untuk mengatur proses pengelasan dalam berbagai industri. Kode-kode dan standar ini sangat penting karena menjamin keselamatan, kualitas, dan kepatuhan selama seluruh siklus hidup proyek pengelasan.

Kode-kode ini menyediakan panduan yang jelas, prosedur yang terdefinisi, dan spesifikasi teknis yang harus dipatuhi oleh welder (pengelas), engineer (insinyur), dan welding inspector (WI) selama tahap fabrikasi dan konstruksi.

Mereka memastikan bahwa pengelasan dilakukan sesuai dengan praktik terbaik, menggunakan bahan yang sesuai, dan memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan untuk memastikan integritas struktural dan keamanan sistem yang dihasilkan.

Berikut beberapa contoh kode dan standar pengelasan yang umum digunakan di berbagai industri:

1. AWS D1.1/D1.1M:

Kode ini dikeluarkan oleh American Welding Society (AWS) dan mengatur pengelasan struktural untuk baja. Biasanya digunakan dalam konstruksi bangunan, jembatan, dan infrastruktur lainnya.

2. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC):

Standar ini diterbitkan oleh American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) dan berfokus pada pengelasan yang terkait dengan pembuatan boiler, tangki tekan, dan komponen-komponen tekanan lainnya.

3. ISO 15614-1:

Standar internasional yang mengatur spesifikasi dan kualifikasi prosedur pengelasan untuk material logam. Ini mencakup berbagai proses pengelasan seperti SMAW, GTAW, dan lainnya.

4. EN 1090:

Standar Eropa yang mengatur eksekusi struktur baja dan aluminium, termasuk persyaratan untuk pengelasan, inspeksi, dan kualifikasi.

5. API 1104:

Kode yang dikeluarkan oleh American Petroleum Institute (API) untuk pengelasan pipa dan struktur terkait di industri minyak dan gas.

6. CSA W59:

Kode Kanada yang mengatur pengelasan struktural untuk baja.

7. ANSI/AWS B2.1:

Standar yang dikeluarkan oleh American National Standards Institute (ANSI) dan AWS yang mengatur spesifikasi pengelasan untuk berbagai proses dan material.

8. NORSOK M-101:

Standar dari Norwegian Petroleum Industry yang mengatur tata cara pengelasan untuk industri perminyakan.

9. JIS Z 3158:

Standar Jepang yang mengatur proses pengelasan untuk berbagai jenis material.

Setiap kode atau standar ini memiliki ruang lingkup aplikasi yang spesifik dan berbagai persyaratan teknis yang harus dipatuhi untuk memastikan kualitas dan keamanan dalam praktik pengelasan industri.

Baca juga: Daftar kode dan standar internasional terkait perpipaan

daftar-kode-dan-standar-pengelasan-internasional
Photo: Ilustrasi

Detail Kode dan Standar Terkait Pengelasan

Berikut adalah panduan lengkap daftar kode-kode dan standar pengelasan yang diterbitkan dan digunakan secara luas di seluruh dunia:

1. Kode ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) mencakup semua aspek desain dan pembuatan boiler dan bejana tekan. Semua bagian berisi spesifikasi pengelasan, namun informasi yang paling relevan terdapat pada hal berikut:

ASME BPVC:
Section I: Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
Section II Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Section III: Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components - Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2
Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers
Section V: Nondestructive Examination
Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels - Division 1 and Division 2
Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications
ASME B16.25: Buttwelding Ends
ASME B31.1: Power Piping
ASME B31.3: Process Piping
ASME B31.9: Building Services Piping

2. Standar AWS (American Welding Society)

AWS menerbitkan berbagai standar yang mencakup prosedur pengelasan, kualifikasi pengelas, keamanan, dan pemeriksaan untuk berbagai jenis material dan teknik pengelasan. AWS menerbitkan lebih dari 240 kode, praktik rekomendasi, dan panduan yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan praktik American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Berikut adalah beberapa bagian umum dari publikasi tersebut:

AWS A2.4: Standard symbols for welding, brazing, and nondestructive examination
AWS A3.0: Standard welding terms and definitions
AWS A5.1: Specification for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding
AWS A5.18: Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding
AWS B1.10: Guide for the nondestructive examination of welds
AWS B2.1: Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
AWS D1.1: Structural welding (steel)
AWS D1.2: Structural welding (aluminum)
AWS D1.3: Structural welding (sheet steel)
AWS D1.4: Structural welding (reinforcing steel)
AWS D1.5: Bridge welding
AWS D1.6: Structural welding (stainless steel)
AWS D1.7: Structural welding (strengthening and repair)
AWS D1.8: Structural welding seismic supplement
AWS D1.9: Structural welding (titanium)
AWS D3.6R: Underwater welding (Offshore & inland pipelines)
AWS D8.1: Automotive spot welding
AWS D8.6: Automotive spot welding electrodes supplement
AWS D8.7: Automotive spot welding recommendations supplement
AWS D8.8: Automotive arc welding (steel)
AWS D8.9: Automotive spot weld testing
AWS D8.14: Automotive arc welding (aluminum)
AWS D9.1: Sheet metal welding
AWS D10.10: Heating practices for pipe and tube
AWS D10.11: Root pass welding for pipe
AWS D10.12: Pipe welding (mild steel)
AWS D10.13: Tube brazing (copper)
AWS D10.18: Pipe welding (stainless steel)
AWS D11.2: Welding (cast iron)
AWS D14.1: Industrial mill crane welding
AWS D14.3: Earthmoving & agricultural equipment welding
AWS D14.4: Machinery joint welding
AWS D14.5: Press welding
AWS D14.6: Rotating Elements of Equipment
AWS D14.9: Specification for the Welding of Hydraulic Cylinders
AWS D15.1: Railroad welding
AWS D15.2: Railroad welding practice supplement
AWS D16.1: Robotic arc welding safety
AWS D16.2: Robotic arc welding system installation
AWS D16.3: Robotic arc welding risk assessment
AWS D16.4: Robotic arc welder operator qualification
AWS D17.1: Aerospace fusion welding
AWS D17.2: Aerospace resistance welding
AWS D17.3: Aerospace friction stir welding (aluminum)
AWS D18.1: Hygienic tube welding (stainless steel)
AWS D18.2: Stainless steel tube discoloration guide
AWS D18.3: Hygienic equipment welding

3. Standar API (American Petroleum Institute)

Standar API sangat penting untuk pengelasan di industri minyak dan gas, mencakup pipa, kilang minyak, struktur offshore, dan peralatan terkait. API telah mengembangkan lebih dari 500 standar yang mencakup berbagai aspek industri minyak dan gas. Berikut adalah standar khusus untuk pengelasan:

API RP 577: Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
API RP 582: Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries
API 1104: Welding of pipelines and related facilities
API 1169: Basic Inspection Requirements for New Pipeline Construction

4. Standar AS/NZS (Australia/Selandia Baru)

Standar yang dikembangkan bersama oleh Australia dan Selandia Baru mencakup berbagai aspek pengelasan, termasuk baja struktural, aluminium, dan material lainnya. Berikut adalah standar khusus untuk pengelasan:

AS/NZS 1554.1: Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 1554.2: Structural steel welding - Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
AS/NZS 1554.3: Structural steel welding - Welding of reinforcing steel
AS/NZS 1554.4: Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels
AS/NZS 1554.5: Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
AS/NZS 1554.6: Structural steel welding - Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
AS/NZS 1554.7: Structural steel welding - Welding of sheet steel structures
AS/NZS 3992: Pressure equipment - Welding and brazing qualification
AS/NZS 4855: Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding
AS 4041: Pressure Piping

5. Standar CSA (Canadian Standards Association)

Standar pengelasan CSA mencakup prosedur dan kualifikasi pengelasan yang berlaku di Kanada. Berikut adalah standar khusus untuk pengelasan:

CAN/CSA-G401-14: Corrugated steel pipe products
CAN/CSA-ISO 14341:11 (R2016): Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification
CAN/CSA-W117.2-12: Safety in welding, cutting, and allied processes
G40.20-13/G40.21-13: General requirements for rolled or welded structural quality steel/ Structural quality steel
W178.1-14: Certification of welding inspection organizations
W178.2-14: Certification of welding inspectors
W47.1-09 (R2014): Certification of companies for fusion welding of steel
W47.2-11 (R2015): Certification of companies for fusion welding of aluminum
W48-14: Filler metals and allied materials for metal arc welding
W55.3-08 (R2013): Certification of companies for resistance welding of steel and aluminum
W59-13: Welded steel construction (metal arc welding)
W59.2-M1991 (R2013): Welded Aluminum Construction
CAN/CSA-Z662-15: Oil and gas pipeline systems

6. Standar BS (British Standards)

Standar BS dikembangkan, dipelihara, dan diterbitkan oleh BSI Standards, Badan Standar Nasional Inggris. Berikut adalah daftar sebagian dari standar khusus untuk pengelasan:

BS 499-1: Welding terms and symbols. Glossary for welding, brazing, and thermal cutting
BS 499-2C: Welding terms and symbols. European arc welding symbols in chart form
BS 2633: Specification for Class I arc welding of ferritic steel pipework for carrying fluids
BS 2971: Specification for class II arc welding of carbon steel pipework for carrying fluids
BS 4515-1: Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore - Part 1: Carbon and carbon manganese steel pipelines
BS 4515-2: Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore. Duplex stainless steel pipelines
PD 6705-2: Structural use of steel and aluminium. Recommendations for the execution of steel bridges to BS EN 1090-2
PD 6705-3: Structural use of steel and aluminium. Recommendations for the execution of aluminium structures to BS EN 1090-3.

7. Standar ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Standar ISO memastikan harmonisasi internasional dalam praktik pengelasan, mencakup prosedur, kualifikasi, dan panduan keselamatan yang berlaku di seluruh dunia. Berikut adalah daftar sebagian dari standar khusus untuk pengelasan:

ISO 2553: Welded, brazed and soldered joints - symbolic representation on drawings (1992)
ISO 2560: Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels. Classification
ISO 3580: Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of creep-resisting steels - Code of symbols for identification
ISO 3581: Covered electrodes for manual arc welding of stainless and other similar high alloy steels - Code of symbols for identification
ISO 3834: Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials, five parts
ISO 4063: Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 5817: Welding. Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded). Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 6520-1: Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding
ISO 6520-2: Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 2: Welding with pressure
ISO 6947: Welds. Working positions. Definitions of angles of slope and rotation
ISO 9606: Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding, parts 1 to 5
ISO 9692-1: Welding and allied processes. Recommendations for joint preparation. Manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding, gas welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels
ISO 9692-2: Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Submerged arc welding of steels
ISO 9692-3: Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Part 3: TIG and MIG welding of aluminium and its alloys
ISO 9692-4: Welding and allied processes. Joint preparation. Part 4: Clad steels
ISO 13847: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Pipeline transportation systems - Welding of pipelines
ISO 13916: Welding - Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature
ISO 13918: Welding - Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
ISO 13919-1: Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on quality level for imperfections - Part 1: Steel
ISO 13919-2: Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on quality level for imperfections - Part 2: Aluminium and its weldable alloys
ISO 13920: Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position
ISO 14112: Gas welding equipment - Small kits for gas brazing and welding
ISO 14175: Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes. Replaced EN 439:1994 in Europe
ISO 14341: Welding consumables. Wire electrodes and deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels. Classification
ISO 14554: Resistance welding
ISO 15607: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - General rules
ISO/TR 15608: Welding - Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system
ISO 15609: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure specification, five parts
ISO 15610: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on tested welding consumables
ISO 15611: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on previous welding experience
ISO 15612: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure
ISO 15613: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test
ISO 15614: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test, 13 parts
ISO 15615: Gas welding equipment. Acetylene manifold systems for welding, cutting and allied processes. Safety requirements in high-pressure devices
ISO 15618-1: Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-welders for hyperbaric wet welding
ISO 15618-2: Qualification testing of welders for under-water welding. Diver-welders and welding operators for hyperbaric dry welding
ISO 17635: Non-destructive testing of welds. General rules for metallic materials
ISO 17660-1: Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Load-bearing welded joints
ISO 17660-2: Welding - Welding of reinforcing steel - Part 1: Non-load bearing welded joints
ISO/TR 20172: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — European materials
ISO/TR 20173: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — American materials
ISO/TR 20174: Welding — Grouping systems for materials — Japanese materials
ISO 24394: Welding for aerospace applications. Qualification test for welders and welding operators. Fusion welding of metallic components

Ketahui juga: Apa itu WPS dan PQR dalam pengelasan.

8. Standar CEN (European Committee for Standardization)

CEN telah menerbitkan banyak standar yang mencakup proses pengelasan, yang telah menggantikan standar nasional sebelumnya setelah Persetujuan Wina dengan ISO. Berikut adalah beberapa standar yang relevan:

EN 287-1: Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels. Withdrawn and replaced by EN ISO 9606-1
EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
EN 1090-2: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requirements for steel structures
EN 1090-3: Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures
EN 1011-1: Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 1: General guidance for arc welding
EN 1011-2: Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels
EN 1011-3: Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels
EN 1011-4: Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys
EN 1011-5: Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Welding of clad steel
EN 1011-6: Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Laser beam welding
EN 1011-7: Welding — Recommendations for welding of metallic materials — Part 7: Electron beam welding
EN 1011-8: Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Welding of cast irons
EN 1418: Welding personnel. Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials. (CEN version of ISO 14732)
EN 1708-1: Welding. Basic welded joint details in steel. Pressurized components.
EN 1708-2: Welding. Basic weld joint details in steel. Non-internal pressurized components.
EN 1708-3: Welding. Basic weld joint details in steel. Clad, buttered and lined pressurized components.
EN 1993-1-8: Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-8: General – Design of joints
EN 13133: Brazing - Brazer approval
EN 22553: Welded, brazed and soldered joints – Symbolic representation on drawings. (CEN version of ISO 2553)

9. Standar Jerman (DIN dan lain-lain)

NA 092 adalah Komite Standar untuk pengelasan dan proses terkait (NAS) di DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Berikut adalah daftar sebagian dari standar pengelasan DIN:

  • DIN 1910-100: Welding; terms dependent on materials for metal welding
  • SEW 088: Schweißgeeignete Feinkornbaustähle - Richtlinien für die Verarbeitung besonders für das Schmelzschweißen, Stahlinstitut VDEh
  • Merkblatt DVS 0916: Metall-Schutzgasschweißen von Feinkornbaustählen, Deutscher Verband für Schweißtechnik e.V.

10. Standar JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)

Japanese Industrial Standards adalah standar yang digunakan untuk kegiatan industri di Jepang, yang dikoordinasikan oleh Komite Standar Industri Jepang (JISC) dan diterbitkan oleh Japanese Standards Association (JSA):

JIS Z 3001-1: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General
JIS Z 3001-2: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 2: Welding processes
JIS Z 3001-3: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 3: Soldering and brazing
JIS Z 3001-4: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 4: Imperfections in welding
JIS Z 3001-5: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 5: Laser welding
JIS Z 3001-6: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 6: Resistance welding
JIS Z 3001-7: Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary - Part 7: Arc welding
JIS Z 3011: Welding positions defined by means of angles of slope and rotation
JIS Z 3021: Welding and allied processes - Symbolic representation

11. Standar Japan Welding Society (WES)

Sebagai standar WES, ini diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori-kategori berikut:

  • Dasar-dasar (fundamentals)
  • Pengujian, inspeksi, dan peralatannya
  • Material dasar
  • Bahan pengelasan
  • Peralatan pengelasan dan pemotongan serta aksesori
  • Desain dan konstruksi pengelasan
  • Sertifikasi dan kualifikasi terkait pengelasan
  • Keselamatan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan (HSE: Health, Safety, and Environment)

Secara keseluruhan, pemahaman yang mendalam tentang berbagai kode dan standar pengelasan seperti ASME, AWS, API, dan banyak lagi sangatlah penting bagi para profesional dalam industri pengelasan.

Kode-kode ini tidak hanya mengatur prosedur dan spesifikasi teknis, tetapi juga merupakan landasan untuk memastikan keamanan, kualitas, dan kepatuhan dalam setiap tahapan proyek fabrikasi dan konstruksi.

Dengan mematuhi standar ini, para pengelas, insinyur, dan pemeriksa pengelasan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, meminimalkan risiko kegagalan struktural, dan menghasilkan produk akhir yang dapat diandalkan dan aman.

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